PSYC 002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: False Memory Syndrome, Anterograde Amnesia, Retrograde Amnesia
• Problems with Memory
•
o Amnesia- long-term memory loss
o
▪ Disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma
▪ Anterograde amnesia- can't remember new information but old memories
▪ Retrograde amnesia- loss of memory for events that occured prior to the
trauma
o Conservation- formation of new memories
o Reconstruction- bringing up old memories
o
▪ tend to alter and modify memories
o Suggestibility- effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to false
memories.
o
▪ Misinformation- effect paradigm- after exposure to incorrect info, a person
may misremember original event
▪ False memory syndrome- Recall of false autobiographical memories
▪
▪ Some forget traumatizing and distressing events such as abuse
▪ Argue they can be repressed, but brought back
o Encoding failure- Memory loss before memory processes
o
▪ Things we always observed aren't always processed, such as what a penny
looks like
o Memory errors- Forgetting, distortion, or intrusion
o
▪
o Interference- when information is stored but inaccessible
o
▪ Proactive interferences- old information blocks new ones
▪ Retroactive interference- new information blocks old ones
o Enhancing memory
o
▪ Rehearsal- repetition of information to remember
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▪ Chunking- organize information into manageable chunks
▪ Elaborate rehearsal- think about memories of the new information and its
relation to preexisting knowledge
▪ Mnemonic devices- Memory aids that organize information for encoding
▪ Expressive writing- increases short- term memory capacity
• 3 Domains of development- physical, cognitive, psychosocial
•
o Normative approach- what is normal, am I/my kid at it?
o Developmental milestones- approximate ages they should reach specific events
o
▪ Schooling times are not universal, but puberty is
o Continuous vs discontinuous development
• Theories
•
o Freud's five stages of psychosexual development
o
▪ Oral
▪ Anal
▪ Phallic
▪ Latency
▪ Genital
o Erikson's psychosocial development theory
o
▪ Motivated by a need to achieve competence in certain areas of our lives
▪
o Piaget- childhood cognitive development
o
▪ Thinking is a central aspect of development and children are naturally
inquisitive
▪ Children develop schematical concepts used to help categorize and
interpret information
▪ Assimilation- take in information that is comparable to other information
▪ Accommodation- change schemata based on new information
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