ZOO 3713C Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Chest Tube, External Intercostal Muscles, Mastectomy
Document Summary
*1-7 are the true ribs (directly connected to sternum). *the 11th and 12th ribs are floating ribs. Parts: 1- head, 2- neck, 3- body, 4- tubercle. Head and the tubercles have articular surfaces to articulate with the vertebrae. Head of 1st, 11th and 12th rib articulate only with their own vertebrae (single facet). Surface and 2 grooves for subclavian artery plus lower brachial plexus and for the subclavian vein. *the lower rib fractures may damage the pleura and abdominal viscera (kidney, liver, spleen). *flail chest: multiple ribs fracture, thoracic wall moves freely (paradoxical), very painful with impaired ventilation. *cervical rib: (thoracic outlet syndrome), remnant or development of a costal process, compression to subclavian artery and lower brachial plexus (pain). *by age, calcification of costal cartilage leads to loss of thoracic cage elasticity, which restricts respiratory movements. Function: respiratory muscles and they elevate or depress the ribs. Inner most intercostal muscles: are part of the internal intercostal muscles.
