EPS SCI 15 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, Binomial Nomenclature
29 Apr 2018
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Lecture 1: Dinosaur Field Guide
April 3
SYLLABUS
● Grading:
○ Midterm - 25% → Week 5 on THURSDAY 5/3
○ Lab Assignments - 20%
○ Lab Exam - 15%
○ Participation - 10%
○ Final Exam - 30%
● Office Hours: Tuesdays @ 12:30 - 1:30 pm
OUTLINE
● Dinosaur Field Guide:
○ What is a Dinosaur?
○ What is the Purpose of Classification in Biology?
● Scientific Thought: “Understanding the Scientific Method”
CLASSIFICATION IN BIOLOGY
● pterodactyls, birds = not dinosaurs
○ but there are actual reasons that we do not classify these as dinosaurs
● there are many ways to classify life
● Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature
: hierarchical system to classify organisms by shared
characteristics
○ Components:
■ Domain
■ Kingdom
■ Phylum
■ Class
■ Order
■ Family
■ Genus
■ Species
○ Binomial Nomenclature: Genus
species
■Examples: Tyrannosaurus
rex
, Triceratops
horridus
■ generally refer to dinosaurs by the Genus name
● since Darwin, classification schemes are meant to represent real relationships between
organisms
○ when we group organisms together → they have a
historical evolutionary relationship to each other
(share some common ancestor in the past)
○ phylogenetic tree (phylogeny
)
Document Summary
Midterm - 25% week 5 on thursday 5/3. Office hours : tuesdays @ 12:30 - 1:30 pm. But there are actual reasons that we do not classify these as dinosaurs. There are many ways to classify life. Linnaeus binomial nomenclature : hierarchical system to classify organisms by shared characteristics. Generally refer to dinosaurs by the genus name. Since darwin, classification schemes are meant to represent real relationships between organisms. When we group organisms together they have a historical evolutionary relationship to each other (share some common ancestor in the past) Genetical information has provided a vast amount of information about relationships. Class vs. phylum vs. order vs. kingdom = not that much of a difference anymore. Clade : group of organisms that shared a common ancestor in the past. Relationships are determined based synapomorphies (or shared traits) Synapsids (1 post-orbital fenestra) = includes mammals. Diapsids (2 post-orbital fenestrae) = includes dinosaurs, birds, living reptile.
