GE CLST M1A Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Human Development Index, Hans Rosling, Akaki River
21 Dec 2017
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Document Summary
Intro to water crisis: sanitation pose serious and immediate health issues; 1 billion people lack clean water. Health due to lack of drinking water and sanitation can undermine productivity and economics. Root causes for water scarcity: physical scarcity; pollution; poverty, inequity. Global average precipitation is 600-1000 mm per year. Water stress: defined on the basis of the available freshwater per year. Poisoning of soil, in drinking supplies, seawater intrusion into coastal groundwater when groundwater levels are lowered by withdrawals. Trash is a big problem along the akaki river. Industrial waste in a problem and hard to enforce due to economic issues. Human waste also impacts the river, a family is too expensive to maintain a toilet in some locations. Water insecurity violates basic four social justice principles: equal citizenship, the social minimum. 20 liters of clean water per day: equality of opportunity, fair distribution. Typically, in a country, the richer people will have access to piped, regulated water.
