GE CLST M71A Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: United States Constitution, Microorganism, Dna Extraction

• School: UCLA
• Department: General Education Clusters
• Course: GE CLST M71A
• Professor: Rensel, M.A.; Le Goff, A.G.; Panofsky, A.L.

Document Summary

Not abstract questions: patent and genes have a social, historical and biological context, with potential inequalities. Cell lines, moore v. regents of the uc, 1990. Genes: before 2013, >4300 human genes patented (including many expressed sequence tags) Est: short sub-sequence of a cdna sequence; may be used to identify gene transcripts. 1998: patents on the genes granted to myriad genetics. 1999: myriad has a monopoly on diagnostics (after patent infringement lawsuits) Dna coding for the brca1 and brca2 proteins, wild-type and mutated types (isolated dna) Comparison of dna w/ the wild-type dna that allows to identify mutations. Exclusive right to isolate brca1/2 genes in an individual testing and research. 20 years: can sell licenses, civil lawsuit against patent infringement. For society: monopoly over the invention for a limited time (ca. 20 years: the invention is then available to everyone. 1980 diamond v. chakrabarty: oil-eating bacterium was a live, human-made micro-organism is patentable subject matter.