HIST 202A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Scientific Revolution, Olympe De Gouges, Toleration

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16 Aug 2018
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The enli(cid:469)htenment (cid:623)as shaped (cid:427)(cid:629) the (cid:623)o(cid:568)k o(cid:468) e(cid:623)ton and the philosophes. Philosophes (cid:623)e(cid:568)e (cid:468)(cid:568)en(cid:428)h lite(cid:568)a(cid:568)(cid:629) (cid:468)i(cid:469)u(cid:568)es (cid:623)ho a(cid:568)(cid:469)ued that p(cid:568)o(cid:469)(cid:568)ess (cid:428)ould (cid:427)e made i(cid:468) the natu(cid:568)al la(cid:623)s that (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)ned natu(cid:568)e (cid:623)e(cid:568)e dis(cid:428)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)ed. The enli(cid:469)htenment (cid:623)as an intelle(cid:428)tual and (cid:428)ultu(cid:568)al mo(cid:622)ement that int(cid:568)odu(cid:428)ed a ne(cid:623) (cid:623)o(cid:568)ld(cid:622)ie(cid:623) John vo(cid:428)ke took the idea o(cid:468) natu(cid:568)al la(cid:623)s and applied them into (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)nment. In his t(cid:623)o treatises on ci(cid:622)il go(cid:622)ernment , vo(cid:428)ke stated that all humans had the natu(cid:568)al (cid:568)i(cid:469)hts o(cid:468) li(cid:468)e, li(cid:427)e(cid:568)t(cid:629), and p(cid:568)ope(cid:568)t(cid:629); and it (cid:623)as the (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)nment"s jo(cid:427) to p(cid:568)ote(cid:428)t those (cid:468)(cid:568)eedoms. Thomas ho(cid:427)(cid:427)es (cid:427)elie(cid:622)ed that humans (cid:623)e(cid:568)e (cid:427)o(cid:568)n e(cid:622)il, and a st(cid:568)on(cid:469) (cid:428)ent(cid:568)al (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)nment (cid:623)as (cid:568)e(cid:567)ui(cid:568)ed to stop (cid:428)haos and (cid:622)iolen(cid:428)e. Montai(cid:469)ne de(cid:622)eloped the (cid:1657)essa(cid:629)(cid:1658) (cid:469)en(cid:568)e o(cid:468) (cid:623)(cid:568)itin(cid:469), an a(cid:568)(cid:469)umentati(cid:622)e (cid:468)o(cid:568)m o(cid:468) (cid:623)(cid:568)itin(cid:469) that de(cid:468)ended a point o(cid:468) (cid:622)ie(cid:623) o(cid:568) (cid:428)laim. Voltai(cid:568)e (cid:623)as a philosophe (cid:623)ho (cid:623)(cid:568)ote sati(cid:568)e (cid:428)(cid:568)iti(cid:428)izin(cid:469) the f(cid:568)en(cid:428)h (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)nment, i(cid:469)nitin(cid:469) a desi(cid:568)e (cid:468)o(cid:568) (cid:428)han(cid:469)e, settin(cid:469) the sta(cid:469)e (cid:468)o(cid:568) (cid:568)e(cid:622)olution, and (cid:468)leein(cid:469) to p(cid:568)ussia to a(cid:622)oid f(cid:568)en(cid:428)h imp(cid:568)isonment.

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