LING 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Cleft Sentence, Pronoun
Document Summary
Review: various syntactic rules, a rule for forming s and rules for forming nps, vps, and pps. S article nv np: [the] [cat hates] [the dog]. It makes the article stand alone, but it should be part of the noun phrase. [(cid:28662)(cid:28660)(cid:28679) (cid:28667)(cid:28660)(cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28678)] (cid:28668)(cid:28678) (cid:28673)(cid:28674)(cid:28679) (cid:28660) (cid:28662)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)(cid:28678)(cid:28679)(cid:28668)(cid:28679)(cid:28680)(cid:28664)(cid:28673)(cid:28679): (cid:28668)(cid:28679) (cid:28663)(cid:28674)(cid:28664)(cid:28678)(cid:28673)"(cid:28679) (cid:28675)(cid:28660)(cid:28678)(cid:28678) (cid:28679)(cid:28667)(cid:28664) (cid:28662)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)(cid:28678)(cid:28679)(cid:28668)(cid:28679)(cid:28680)(cid:28664)(cid:28673)(cid:28679) (cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28678)(cid:28679). (cid:28631)(cid:28664)(cid:28665)(cid:28668)(cid:28673)(cid:28664) (cid:28660) (cid:28671)(cid:28664)(cid:28666)(cid:28668)(cid:28679)(cid:28668)(cid:28672)(cid:28660)(cid:28679)(cid:28664) unit. A sequence of words that intuitively belong together in s. Pronoun substitution; etc. (cid:28635)(cid:28674)w (cid:28663)(cid:28674) w(cid:28664) (cid:28663)(cid:28664)(cid:28662)(cid:28668)(cid:28663)(cid:28664) [(cid:28679)(cid:28667)(cid:28664) (cid:28662)(cid:28660)(cid:28679)] (cid:28668)(cid:28678) w(cid:28667)(cid:28668)(cid:28671)(cid:28664) [(cid:28662)(cid:28660)(cid:28679) (cid:28667)(cid:28660)(cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28678)] (cid:28668)(cid:28678)(cid:28673)"(cid:28679): question formation. If a question can be formed of s whose answer is x, then x is a constituent of s. However, no question can be formed whose answer is [cat hates]. We evaluate whether an expression passes the test through a sentence and question. But we should try to preserve the meaning and not change it: clefting. If s can be paraphrased as [it is x that y]: x is a constituent of s.
