LING 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Phrase Structure Rules, Malagasy People, Semi-Trailer Truck
Document Summary
In english, the head of a phrase precedes its complement (taro found a dog) In japanese, the complement precedes the head (taro dog found) Vp phrase structure rule : vp pp np v. English is svo and japanese is sov. Has vos (verb object subject) word subject. Ex: the student reads the book reads book the student. Differences in ps rules are one reason that word orders differ across languages. Part of a speaker"s knowledge of their native language is knowledge of its ps rules. Lexical ambiguity: big rig carrying fruit crashes on freeway, creates jam . Syntactic structure: sherlock saw the man with binoculars . Ex: the girl bought the donut with sprinkles . With sprinkles describes the donut (structurally, it"s the sister to the np the donut ) Ex: the girl bought the donut with cash . With cash describes how the donut was bought (structurally, it"s the sister to the.
