CFD 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Moral Responsibility, Cognitive Development, Relational Aggression
19 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Industry: developing a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks. Industry combines several developments of middle childhood: positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, cooperative participation with age-mates. Inferiority: pessimism and lack of confidence in one"s ability to do things well. Self-concept in middle childhood: self-concept is refined and organized into stable psychological dispositions, perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing self-concept based on personality traits, children form an ideal self that they use to evaluate actual self. Self-esteem in middle childhood: self-esteem, differentiates and adjusts to more realistic level, becomes hierarchically structured, four broad self-evaluations, academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, physical appearance. Influences on self-esteem: cultural values, gender-stereotyped beliefs, child-rearing practices, authoritative parenting builds self-esteem, controlling parenting undermines self-esteem, achievement-related attributions. Influences on achievement-related attributions: person praise vs. Process praise: teachers" messages: emphasis on learning vs. grades, adult feedback: gender differences, cognitive development: more realistic view of abilities, cultural values.
