CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Sexually Transmitted Infection, Unintended Pregnancy, Coitus Interruptus
1 May 2018
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Chapter 6- Contraception
Contraception
• Definitions:
o Conception: the fusion of an ovum and sperm that creates a fertilized egg
o Contraception: preventing conception by blocking the female’s egg from uniting with the male’s
sperm, thereby preventing pregnancy
• Modern contraceptive methods are much more predictable and effective than in the past
o Many play a role in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections
Intended and Unintended Pregnancies in The United States: 2008
• Total pregnancies- 6.6 million
o Intended- 46%
o Unintended- 54%
▪ Ending in abortion- 40%
o Pregnancy rate- 64%
o Abortion rate- 20%
o Unintended birth rate- 37%
Contraception Use Among College Students
• Surveys have shown that the majority of college students, up to 70% engage in sexual activity, some
have more than one partner.
• Study found that only 56% of students used
• Contraception during their last intercourse.
o Pills most common method, condom used 66% of the time, 27% used the withdrawal method.
o Only 42% of student’s report being provided any info. About pregnancy prevention by their
college.
Principles of Contraception
• Based on the physiology of reproduction
• Types of contraception:
o Barrier methods
o Hormonal methods
o Natural methods
o Surgical method
• Factors affecting the choice of method
o Advantages and disadvantages
• Effectiveness
o Contraceptive failure rate o Continuation rate
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)
• Two types:
o Intrauterine devices (IUD’s) o Implants
• High satisfaction rates
• Decreased instances of unintended pregnancy
Categorization of Contraceptives Based on Efficacy
➢ Picture
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• Small plastic object placed in uterus
o Copper t-380a (ParaGard)
o Mirena and Skyla
▪ Release small amounts of progestin
• Primarily works by preventing fertilization
• Must be inserted and removed by a trained professional
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