CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill, Progestin, Hormone Therapy
1 May 2018
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Contraceptive Skin Patch
• Ortho Evra, thin 1 ¾-inch square patch
o Releases estrogen and progestin slowly into the bloodstream
o Prevents the same way as OCS
o Worn for 1 week, replaced on the same day for 3 consecutive weeks; fourth week, no patch
• Advantages:
o Very effective
o High compliance
• Disadvantages:
o Does not protect against STI’s
• Effectiveness:
o Similar to that of the oral contraceptive pill
Vaginal Contraceptive Ring
• The nuvaring
o Resembles the rim of a diaphragm and is molded with progestin and estrogen
o 2-inch ring slowly releases hormones
o During the fourth week the ring is removed and replaced
• Advantages:
o One month of protection with no daily or weekly action required
• Disadvantages:
o No protection against STIS
• Effectiveness:
o Like the pill and patch
Injectable Contraceptives
• Depo-Provera
o Hormonal treatment: injectable progestin every 12 weeks
o Advantages:
▪ Highly effective
▪ Requires little action on the part of the user
o Disadvantages:
▪ No protection against STI’s
▪ The woman must visit a health care facility every 3 month to receive an injection
o Side effects:
▪ Menstrual irregularities
▪ Weight gain
▪ Temporary infertility
▪ Decreased bone density
o Effectiveness:
▪ Perfect use failure rate is 0.2%; 6% typical failure rate in the first year of use
Male Condoms
• Barrier method of contraception
o Thin latex sheaths that prevent sperm from entering the vagina
o Pre-lubricated; some contain spermicide
• Advantages:
o Protection against STI’s
o Readily available
o Relatively inexpensive
• Disadvantages:
o Diminish sensitivity o Interfere with spontaneity
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