CFD 1450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Entrust, Social Contract
CHAPTER 16 – EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE
Erikson’s Theory: Identity Vs. Role Confusion
• Identity:
o Major personality attainment of adolescence.
o Crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult.
o Involves who you are, what you value, and your direction in life.
o Drives choice of vocation, interpersonal relationships, ethnic group
membership, expression of one’s sexual orientation, ideals.
• Role confusion:
o Weak sense of trust, lack of faith in ideals
o Little autonomy or initiative
o Little active exploration during adolescence
o Failure to choose vocation that matches interests and skills
o May appear shallow, directionless
Self-Concept in Adolescence
• Unify separate traits into larger, abstract ones
• Contradictory traits expressed in different social situations
• Later, traits combined into organized system
• More emphasis on social virtues and on being viewed positively by others
Self-Esteem in Adolescence
• Self-esteem continues to differentiate.
• New components are close friendship, romantic appeal, job competence.
• Self-esteem rises from mid- to late adolescence.
• Individual differences are increasingly stable.
• Factors affecting self-esteem include
o Pubertal timing.
o Parents’ child-rearing style.
o Larger social environment.
Identity Statuses
Level of exploration Level of commitment
High
Low
High
Identity achievement
Identity moratorium
Low
Identity foreclosure
Identity diffusion
Identity Status and Psychological Well-Being
• Adolescents who are identity-achieved or exploring
o Have higher self-esteem.
o Are open to alternative ideas and values.
o Feel in control of their lives.
o View school and work as avenues for realizing aspirations.
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