EEB 2202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo Erectus, Multiregional Origin Of Modern Humans

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sapphiredog102

19 Jan 2017

School

UConn

Department

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Course

EEB 2202

Professor

Carl Schlichting

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Document Summary

Migration: out of africa and multiregional hypothesis, assimilation hypothesis, make specific predictions about genetic variation and patterns of gene movement that we can test with data we collect. Multiregional hypothesis: modern humans arose by means of evolution from ancestors, populations of ancestral humans in different parts of the world and that there was migration between these populations. Out of africa hypothesis: replacement model, modern humans arose in africa and subsequent migrations left. How do we test these hypotheses: fossil evidence. H. erectus and heidelbergensis found widely across the globe. But oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans are found in african and age is <200,000 years ago: genetic evidence. Take data from modern populations and try to infer what past looked like. Can build phylogenetic trees based on individual or many genes. Biparental inheritance is when an individual is two copies of each gene receiving on copy of each chromosome from each parent.

Related Questions

1. Humans and chimpanzees share several polymorphic loci. Which is the LEAST plausible explanation for this fact?

A. Balancing selection has maintained polymorphism in both species

B. Incomplete lineage sorting left polymorphic loci and those have persisted since the speciation event.

C. Interbreeding has allowed introgression of alleles at theses loci in both directions.

D. Genetic variation provided by the polymorphic alleles enhances resistance to pathogens.

2. According to the social brain hypothesis, we should expect primates living in larger social groups to have:

A. Larger brains, specifically, a neocortex of relatively larger size

B. Lager incisors and canines, to defend against more social competitors

C. Smaller brains, because many individuals can work together to solve problems

D. Great variation in brain and neocortex size, with the dominant individuals having the largest

3. You extract DNA from human bones in an ancient village buried by volcanic ash. You discover that there is an extremely high frequency of the LCT allele for lactase persistence. What might you reasonably conclude about the population?

A. This population is likely the source of the high frequency of the LCT gene in Northern Europe

B. The village could not be more than 4,500 years old

C. The members of this population likely used domesticated livestock for their milk

D. villagers had a diet rich in wheat or another domesticated crop

4. Why do populations father from Africa have more deleterious mutations in their genome?

A. Repeated bottlenecks and founder effects made drift more intense more often

B. Populations farther from Africa have been exposed to more mutagens in the environment

C. As people migrated over the globe they interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans

D. The populations are younger, so purifying selection has not had time to purge delirious mutations from the populations.

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EEB 2202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo Erectus, Multiregional Origin Of Modern Humans

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