PHAR 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Mptp
Document Summary
Calcium (ca+2) plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of all organisms and all cell types. 2-2-17: signal transduction pathways (cell growth/death, neurotransmitter release from neurons, electrical transmission in nerve cells, contraction of muscle cells. There are three main reasons why high [ca] inside a cell is toxic: Increases formation of ros and rns and that causes cell membrane damage. Increased ca blocks electrical signaling in nerve cells: limit the over-production of ros and rns. Ratio is important in maintaining normal bodily functions. Outside: inside -> 10,000: 1 i). some chemicals can generate. Overproduction of ros and rns can be due to high levels of calcium since calcium activates enzymes that generate ros and/or rns. iii). the production of atp in mitochondria produces most of the. There are enzymes in our cells which metabolize ros/rns to less toxic compounds. Oxidative phosphorylation is inefficient -> causes ros/rns -> causes inevitable damage and aging in the long run.
