PHIL 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Headache, Fetus, Sudoku
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Outline: rationality, validity, and soundness, inference-indicating words, sometimes questions exp. An argument is a line of reasoning purporting to establish a conclusion. It consists of a set of propositions, including premises and a conclusion. An argument is valid just i(cid:374) (cid:272)ase the(cid:396)e(cid:859)s (cid:374)o (cid:449)ay fo(cid:396) all the p(cid:396)e(cid:373)ises to (cid:271)e t(cid:396)ue a(cid:374)d the conclusion false. An argument is sound just in case it is both valid and all its premises are true. Notice that these are both technical terms. On this usage, it makes no sense to call a single proposition either valid or sound. To (cid:272)halle(cid:374)ge a(cid:374) a(cid:396)gu(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:859)s sou(cid:374)d(cid:374)ess, you do(cid:374)(cid:859)t ha(cid:448)e to p(cid:396)o(cid:448)e that a(cid:374)y of its p(cid:396)e(cid:373)ises is u(cid:374)t(cid:396)ue. It(cid:859)s e(cid:374)ough to (cid:396)aise a (cid:396)easo(cid:374)a(cid:271)le dou(cid:271)t a(cid:271)out at least o(cid:374)e of the(cid:373) . Example: games like sudoku promote brain health, alzhei(cid:373)e(cid:396)(cid:859)s disease is (cid:272)aused (cid:271)y a dete(cid:396)io(cid:396)atio(cid:374) i(cid:374) (cid:271)(cid:396)ai(cid:374) health. hence, o(cid:374)e should play sudoku (cid:396)egula(cid:396)ly to sta(cid:448)e off alzhei(cid:373)e(cid:396)(cid:859)s.
