PNB 2264 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Sternocleidomastoid Muscle, Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Digastric Muscle
24 Jan 2017
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Document Summary
Use appropriate terminology to describe anatomical structure and define joint movements. Describe the structure and function of: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints. Directional terms: proximal: closer to point of attachment, distal: further from midline, medial: center of head to foot, lateral: ventral, superior: high, inferior: low, superficial: outwards from chest, deep: inwards toward chest. Articulation: meeting place of 2 or more bones. Range of motion (rom): normal extent of joint movement: 180-45-rom. Most of the following terms apply to the freely moveable joints. Flexion: reduces angle between elements (two bones: anatomical position: flexion forward* Not always easy to tell: shoulder, hip, risks. Abduction: moves away from longitudinal axis: usually midline of the body. Make a circle: no rotation of the shoulder was involved. Movement around longitudinal axis, direction defined relative to anatomical position. External rotation (lateral): outward; away from trunk/axis. Head is on axis, so define left and right rotation. Special forearm movement, involves two radio-ulnar joints.
