PNB 2250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Protozoa, Archaea, Tyrosine
10 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Understand the different strategies used by animals to digest food. Understand how differences in the structures of digestive systems affects physiology. Understand that food is more than calories. Ingestion of complex food: digestion conversion to monomers, absorption of monomers into blood. All share a tube, divided into a foregut, midgut, and hindgut: mammals. Strategies: herbivories plants, carnivores animals, omnivores both, cucinovores cooked food. Foregut: esophagus, stomach, bacteria, enzymes, acid. Midgut: small intestine, large intestine, bacteria, enzymes, basicity. Similarities between digestive systems: single layer of polarized epithelium, same enzymes amylase, lipases, proteases, etc, same transporters (glut 1-6, same control systems, same cellular processes. Differences between digestive systems: fermentation, length/structure of gi tract. Diet: no animal is a universal digester. Humans cannot survive on the diet of sheep, panda, cat, etc. Has to be smaller than the cell. Humans are intracellular and extracellular digesters: extracellular digestion. Majority of absorbed proteins is from bacteria. Carnivores: stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
