ESS 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Megaloblastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Neural Tube Defect
Document Summary
Water-soluble vitamins (b, c, choline: dissolve in water, micronutrients (small amounts needed, all except choline function as coenzymes, most circulate freely in blood, can be destroyed or removed during food storage & preparation, low-risk of toxicity. Excess generally excreted in urine; from supplements, not food sources. Riboflavin (vitamin b2: milk & dairy, destroyed by uv light, ariboflavinosis: rare by itself, typically with other b vitamin deficiencies; cracks & redness of lips & corners of mouth, mouth swelling, sore throat. Amino acid metabolism: metabolize tryptophan to niacin, helps product hemoglobin & neurotransmitters, deficient can cause anemia, weakness, dermatitis, neurological disorders, impaired immune function, excess can have neurological effects (rarer) Pantothenic acid: helps with energy metabolism; synthesize fatty acids, cholesterol, steroid hormones & 2 neurotransmitters, widespread in virtually all foods; deficiency is rare. Rda for folate is 400 mcg for adults > 19 yrs: coenzyme in metabolism of certain amino acids; helps in dna & rna synthesis; normal cell division & development.
