LING 15 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Vocal Tract, Animal Communication, Arbitrariness
Document Summary
Pic of paris: visual symbol/representation of a place; paris is not in the room; projection of light from projector with flash drive connected to (cid:272)o(cid:373)puter (cid:374)ot ar(cid:271)itrar(cid:455) (cid:271)(cid:272) (cid:272)a(cid:374) e(cid:454)tra(cid:272)t idea fro(cid:373) the pi(cid:272) Form/display (or signal): some behavior performed by an animal with communicative intent. Response: effect the message has on others. Consider types of displays & responses: mating & territorial display, threat alert, food source info. Calls: brief and simple; adapted to context- alarm vs mobbing, acoustic properties fit the setting. Songs: elaborate tunes for territory & mating; only used by some orders; regionalism; hierarchical structure- theme > phase > subphrase. Similar structures: theme > phrase > subphrase > unit. Prairie dogs; alarm call to others in the town. Elephants: warning calls differentiate poachers from other humans; one in s korea sounds like it speaks korean. Parrots: imitativeness; reproduce nearby sounds (both humans & other animals) Honeybees: can transmit location of nectar sources.
