MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dihybrid Cross, Mutual Exclusivity, Mendelian Inheritance

61 views3 pages

olivecicada965

6 Jan 2018

School

UCSB

Department

Molecular, Cellular & Develop. Biology

Course

MCDB 20

Professor

Hui Low

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

-mmeennddeell ddeerriivveedd tthhee llaaww ooff sseeggrreeggaattiioonn bbyy ffoolllloowwiinngg oonnllyy aa ssiinnggllee cchhaarraacctteerr. -aallll tthhee ff11 ooffffsspprriinngg pprroodduucceedd iinn tthhiiss ccrroossss wweerree mmoonnoohhyybbrriiddss,, iinnddiivviidduuaallss tthhaatt aarree hheetteerroozzyyggoouuss ffoorr oonnee cchhaarraacctteerr ((pppp)) -aa ccrroossss bbeettwweeeenn ssuucchh hheetteerroozzyyggootteess iiss ccaalllleedd aa mmoonnoohhyybbrriidd ccrroossss ((ppppxx pppp)) -mmeennddeell iiddeennttiiffiieedd hhiiss sseeccoonndd llaaww ooff iinnhheerriittaannccee bbyy ffoolllloowwiinngg ttwwoo cchhaarraacctteerrss aatt tthhee ssaammee ttiimmee. -ccrroossssiinngg 22 ttrruuee--bbrreeeeddiinngg ppaarreennttss ddiiffffeerriinngg iinn ttwwoo cchhaarraacctteerrss pprroodduucceess ddiihhyybbrriiddss iinn tthhee ff11 ggeenneerraattiioonn,, hheetteerroozzyyggoouuss ffoorr bbootthh cchhaarraacctteerrss. -aa ddiihhyybbrriidd ccrroossss,, aa ccrroossss bbeettwweeeenn ff11 ddiihhyybbrriiddss,, ccaann ddeetteerrmmiinnee wwhheetthheerr ttwwoo cchhaarraacctteerrss aarree ttrraannssmmiitttteedd ttoo ooffffsspprriinngg aass aa ppaacckkaaggee oorr iinnddeeppeennddeennttllyy. -tthhee rreessuullttss ooff tthhee mmeennddeell""ss ddiihhyybbrriidd eexxppeerriimmeennttss aarree tthhee bbaassiiss ffoorr tthhee llaaww ooff iinnddeeppeennddeenntt aassssoorrttmmeenntt. -iitt ssttaatteess tthhaatt eeaacchh ppaaiirr ooff aalllleelleess sseeggrreeggaatteess iinnddeeppeennddeennttllyy ooff aannyy ootthheerr ppaaiirr dduurriinngg ggaammeettee ffoorrmmaattiioonn. -tthhiiss llaaww aapppplliieess ttoo ggeenneess oonn cchhrroommoossoommeess tthhaatt aarree nnoott hhoommoollooggoouuss,, oorr tthhoossee ffaarr aappaarrtt oonn tthhee ssaammee cchhrroommoossoommee.

Related Questions

1. A person is described as a carrier for a particular genetic disease. What does this tell you about their genotype?

2. For any given gene, the principle of independent segregation predicts that each gamete produced as a result of meiosis will contain ____________________

3. A pair of alleles is said to be heterozygous when:

4. In a diploid species, cells can have up to ___ alleles of a particular gene.

5. In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, the number of phenotypic classes observed in the offspring is ______

6. For a person of genotype Xx, the genotype of their gametes may be ______________

7. In a "test cross", an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a ___ individual to determine the unknown genotype.

8. An albino woman has a child with a phenotypically normal man with no family history of albinism (which is a rare recessive disorder). What percentage of their children are likely to be albino?

9. An individual with the dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is test-crossed, and all of the offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype. The genotype of the unknown individual is ______________

10. If two heterozygous individuals for a recessive disease (carriers) have a child, what is the chance that their child will develop the disease?

11. In a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents that both exhibit the dominant phenotype, ___ percent of the offspring will exhibit the recessive phenotype.

12. In a particular type of tomato plant, red fruit is dominant over yellow fruit, and dwarf height is a recessive trait. If two heterozygous plants were crossed, what proportion of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype?

13. In a cross between a BbRr individual and a BBRR one, what do the following represent: BR, Br, bR, br?

14. In humans, the gene that determines whether an embryo develops as a male or a female is carried on _____________

amaranthhare726

What is a genome? What is a genome made of? Describe the bacterial genome. How do bacteria reproduce? What is binary fission? Distinguish between a chromosome and chromatin. Where are chromosomes located in eukaryotic cells? What is the chromosome made of? What is a centromere? What is the centromere's role? What are sister chromatids and how do they arise? Distinguish between somatic cells and germ (gametes) cells. Describe the cell cycle. What are the different phases? What occurs during S phase? What is interphase? How is the cell cycle controlled?

Describe mitosis. What are the phases of mitosis? What occurs in each of the phases of mitosis? What is cytokinesis? How does this differ between plant and animal cells? What is a kinetochore? Where does it form? What is its role? What is the role of microtubules in mitosis? What is a centriole and what is it composed of? What is a centrosome and what is its role in mitosis? What is the metaphase plate and why is this important? What is the mitotic spindle, its role and its makeup? What defines a diploid cell? How many copies of each chromosome is in a diploid cell? What about a haploid cell? Why do the daughter cells of mitosis always have the same complement of chromosomes?

Describe meiosis. What are the phases of meiosis? What occurs in each of the phases of meiosis? Distinguish between meiosis I and meiosis II and describe how each of these processes compare to mitosis. Why do animal cells undergo meiosis? What is a gamete? What is a zygote? What are recombination, crossing-over, and chiasma? When and why does this occur? What is meant by 'homologous pair of chromosomes'? Why don't the daughter cells of meiosis have the same genetic makeup? What controls the segregation of chromosomes into the gametes?

What are genetic characters? What are genetic traits? What is an allele? What is a locus? How many alleles at each locus would a human cell have and why? Distinguish between genotype and phenotype. What is meant by a dominant gene? What is meant by a recessive gene? How do these differ? What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism? What is its phenotype? What is a genetic cross? Distinguish between the P, F1, and F2 generations. What is a true-breeding line? What is the genotype and phenotype of a cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents? If the F1 progeny are crossed, what would be the genotype and phenotype of the F2 generation? What would be the phenotypic ratio? What would be the genotypic ratio? Be ready to generate Punnet square tests or probability analyses of crosses involving more than one genetic locus. Describe a dihybrid cross where two alleles are homozygous dominant in one parent and homozygous recessive in the other. What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation from this dihybrid cross? What is meant by independent assortment? Be prepared to calculate probabilities resulting from different crosses.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete dominance. How would incomplete dominance alter the results of a hybrid cross? What would the resulting F2 generation phenotype and genotype ratios be? What is codominance? How does this affect the results of crosses? Be prepared to determine likely blood types of parents based on the blood types of their offspring. What is a polygenic trait? What is a carrier state for a genetic disease? What is meant by linked genes? How does this affect expected outcomes of genetic crosses? How is gene linkage used for chromosomal mapping? Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes. What sex chromosomes are found in women? What sex chromosomes are found in men? What are sex-linked traits? Be prepared to give the results of crosses that involve sex-linked recessive traits. What is the process of nondisjunction? What are the likely results? Why is this important? What is a Barr body? Recognize the genetic abnormality of Downs Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome, and Klinefelter's Syndrome.

pucewallaby221

MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dihybrid Cross, Mutual Exclusivity, Mendelian Inheritance

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Heredity, Punnett Square, Chromosome

MCDB 20- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 62 pages long!)

MCDB 20- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 62 pages long!)

Related Questions