PHIL 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Modus Ponens, Counterexample, Modus Tollens
Document Summary
Some b are c. therefore some a are c: all men are people. If trump won the 2016 election, then a republican is president. Hillary won the 2016 election, then a democrat is president. Republican or a democrat is president. the ground wet. it"s raining: model: gary johnson, a libertarian, won the 2016 election. It is possible for premises to be true and conclusion to be false: e. g. 2. ) If it"s raining, then the ground is wet. Therefore: model: it"s not raining but someone turned on the sprinklers, which made, model: they"re both 6"2(cid:499), e. g. 3. ) Therefore, itzel is taller than angela. invalid: a formal fallacy: a logical error that occurs in the form of an argument (making it, a conditional statement is a compound statement of the form (cid:498)if p then q,(cid:499) where. P (the antecedent) and q (the consequent) are simpler statements: formal fallacies, affirming the consequent: occurs when the following (invalid) inference form is used:
