POL S 7 Lecture 2: Section 2 Notes
QUIZ NEXT SECTION!!
Recap
International relations as the study of interactions among the various actors that
participate in international politics
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The three IR theories
Realism: pessimistic, anarchic state, power and control/security are focus
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Liberalism: optimistic
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Constructivism: can be either pessimistic or optimistic; relationships between
countries depends on their past interactions - setting the tone for how the
countries operate (each country starts with a blank slate)
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Three I's Framework
Interests
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Interactions
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Institutions
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CHAPTER 1
What shaped our world?
Mercantilism
Policies that countries use to build economy/domestic industry
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An economic doctrine applied mostly to colonial empires during 16th-18th
centuries
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Governments encouraged exports over imports and industrialization over
agriculture
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Governments protected domestic production against competition from
imports
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Governments intervened in trade to promote employment
High import taxes
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Keeping money in the country
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Do you think mercantilism if necessary for state-building?
Probably not necessary but definitely helpful in establishing a country's
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Section 2 Notes
Tuesday, April 9, 2019
11:57 AM
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Probably not necessary but definitely helpful in establishing a country's
control over their people but also their economy
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Treaties of Westphalia
Ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
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Marked the beginning of the modern nation-state system
What happens when nation and state don't coincide?
Drawing a border between one group (separating a group)
E.g. one ethnic group in two countries separated by a
border
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War can definitely occur
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Ideally, there should be one nation within a state but there is no
one country where nation and state perfectly align
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Sovereignty (Pg. 48)
States have legal and political supremacy within their territory
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Territory integrity and non-interference in domestic affairs
COUNTRIES cannot just go and intervene in other country's internal
affairs
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Sometimes countries do intervene like in the case of human rights
violations or emergencies
E.g. US intervening to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam
Hussein
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Hegemony
The predominance of one nation-state over others
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Gap between superpower country and their enemy
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More positive connotation
Bearing responsibility to provide public goods to the world (like security
or international currency)
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Being responsible for the order of the world
Has to provide to the rest of the world ("paymaster" - providing for the
community)
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Pax Britannica
The "British Peace" during 1815-1914 where Britain's economic and military
power helped create peace
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Free trade
Helps countries realize their comparative advantage
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Countries will export goods that use the most intensive endowments of the
state
A land-rich state will export agricultural products
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A low-skill labor-rich state will export products that use this labor
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WWI (1914-1918)
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