BIOE 20C Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Waggle Dance, Round Dance, Anglerfish
12 Sep 2016
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Lecture 13 11/12/2015 8:57:00 PM
Learning: Change in Behavior as a Result of Specific Life Experiences
• More complex learning—behavior modified by life experience
o Demonstrates a spectrum of complexity along both behavioral
axes (stereotyped/flexible axis and innate/learned axis)
Spatial Learning
• Ex. wasp learning location of her nest via visual cues
Birdsongs
• 2 critical periods
• Juveniles must hear adult songs
• Sub adults must hear their own songs to refine them
Mistake-Based Learning
• Ex. ingestion of toxic but non-lethal prey
A Very High Form of Learning
• Cognition
o Recognition and manipulation of facts about the world
o Ability to form concepts and gain insights
o Restricted to only a few mammals and other levels of
organisms
• Ex. New Caledonia Crows
o Make/use tools in the wild
o Able to fashion tools to remove food in lab experiments
• Another example: the octopus
o Individual learned to open jar to remove crab prey
o Other individuals able to learn to do same by observing an
individual that knew how (Observational learning)
Adaptive Significance of Learning
• Innate behavior
o Situations where mistakes are costly
• Learned behavior
o Individuals can make mistakes that aren’t overly costly
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Communication
• Signal from one individual modifies behavior of another
• Signal: information containing behavior
o Visual
o Tactile (touch)
o Olfactory (smell/taste)
o Auditory
• Ex. Honeybee dance (Tactile/auditory/olfactory)
o Round dance simple: food is nearby
o Waggle dance complex: food more distant, direction relative
to sun is indicated by angle from vertical during the pause in
the dance
Deception in Communication
• Both intra and interspecific
• To persist it must be rare
• Ex. Anglerfish use a “lure” to attract prey
Orientation
• Movement that results in a change of position
• Taxis=simple orientation
o Photo (light)
o Phono (sound)
o Geo (gravitational pull)
o Chemo (chemical trail)
• Migration (limited to animals)
o Long distance movement associated with change of seasons
• 3 basic types
o Piloting: use of visual references
o Compass navigation: use of stars, sun, magnetic fields
o True navigation (bicoordinate): compass navigation plus
knowledge of where you are
• Piloting example
o Gray whale migration
• Bicoordinate example
o Wandering albatross
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Learning: change in behavior as a result of specific life experiences: more complex learning behavior modified by life experience, demonstrates a spectrum of complexity along both behavioral axes (stereotyped/flexible axis and innate/learned axis) Spatial learning: ex. wasp learning location of her nest via visual cues. Birdsongs: 2 critical periods, juveniles must hear adult songs, sub adults must hear their own songs to refine them. Mistake-based learning: ex. ingestion of toxic but non-lethal prey. A very high form of learning: cognition, recognition and manipulation of facts about the world, ability to form concepts and gain insights, restricted to only a few mammals and other levels of organisms, ex. Adaptive significance of learning: innate behavior, situations where mistakes are costly, learned behavior, individuals can make mistakes that aren"t overly costly. Communication: signal from one individual modifies behavior of another, signal: information containing behavior, visual, tactile (touch, olfactory (smell/taste, auditory, ex.
