BICD 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Macrophage, Dendritic Cell, Fibril

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browngnu790

28 Jun 2018

School

UCSD

Department

Biol/Genetics,Cellular & Develop

Course

BICD 110

Professor

Forbes

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BICD110 Lecture 18 Notes 6/7/18

- 5 basic tissue types

oblood cells

omuscles

oneuronal tissue

oepithelial tissue

oconnective tissue

- cell-cell junctions exist between all cells, but are

most obvious between cells in an epithelial sheet of cells

otight junction

make cell sheet impermeable

divide plasma membrane into 2 functionally different domains

there’s an apical side and basolateral side. Through tight

junctions, each side of membrane can have different

function

ex: apical side allows glucose in through Na+/glucose symporter against

glucose’s concentration gradient. Then glucose can leave basolateral side

through glucose diffusion channel

oadhesion belt (a contractile belt)

link actin cytoskeletons

Ca2+-sensitive adhering proteins: cadherins

Cadherin dimers link actin filament with anchor proteins on neighboring cell

provide strength to cell sheet

ogap junction: for communication between cells; molecules can go through

coupling between cells

electrical coupling: heart, brain, muscle cells

oallows heart to depolarize at the same time so the cardiac cells contract

simultaneously

chemical coupling: fish pigment cells (cAMP); pancreas cells secreting in a

coordinate manner

connexon composed of 6 subunits. 2 connexons open channel between adjacent

cells

nucleotides, cAMP, amino acids, ions, and sugars can diffuse through, < 1000-

1500 Daltons

can be regulated to close: Ca2+ influx when cell dies, so it closes its gap junctions

odesmosome

link intermediate filament cytoskeletons

also use cadherins

provide strength to cell sheet

ohemidesmosome: half of a desmosome: connects to bottom of the cell to make stronger

tissue. Connects to basal lamina

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Document Summary

5 basic tissue types: blood cells, muscles, neuronal tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue cell-cell junctions exist between all cells, but are most obvious between cells in an epithelial sheet of cells, tight junction. Divide plasma membrane into 2 functionally different domains there"s an apical side and basolateral side. Through tight junctions, each side of membrane can have different function ex: apical side allows glucose in through na+/glucose symporter against glucose"s concentration gradient. Then glucose can leave basolateral side through glucose diffusion channel: adhesion belt (a contractile belt) link actin cytoskeletons. Cadherin dimers link actin filament with anchor proteins on neighboring cell. 2 connexons open channel between adjacent cells nucleotides, camp, amino acids, ions, and sugars can diffuse through, < 1000- 1500 daltons can be regulated to close: ca2+ influx when cell dies, so it closes its gap junctions: desmosome link intermediate filament cytoskeletons also use cadherins.

Related Questions

1. Kinesin-1 motors can move long distances on microtubule tracks without dissociating. By contrast, myosin II motors in skeletal muscle take only one or a few steps before letting go. What is most likely the difference between these two motors that allow two different types of movement?

A. Differences in length of the stalk of each respective motor allow for differences in step size

B. Differences in ATP versus GTP hydrolysis alter the motor head movement along filaments

C. Actin filaments are smaller in diameter and have less space for movement

D. Binding affinity of the Kinesin-1 motor head to microtubules is high, whereas binding affinity of the myosin II motor head to actin filaments is low

E. Microtubules are larger in diameter and have more space for movement

2. Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. What is the most likely reason for a microtubule to undergo rapid growth?

A. GTP hydrolysis exceeds the rate of heterodimer addition

B. GTP hydrolysis of alpha tubulin causes an outward bend in the heterodimer conformation

C. A low concentration of tubulin heterodimers are in solution

D. Heterodimer addition exceeds the rate of GTP hydrolysis

E. Increased trafficking of microtubule motor proteins favors stability

3. There are no known motor proteins that move on intermediate filaments (IFs). What property of intermediate filaments would most likely explain the lack of motor proteins?

A. Tissue specific expression of IFs prevent a single type of motor protein to evolve over time

B. Lateral bundling of IFs prevent motor movement

C. IFs are less dynamic than microtubules and actin filaments

D. IFs are unpolarized

E. IFs do not bind a nucleotide

4. You discover a mutation that results in less rapid hydrolysis of GTP by the beta-tubulin subunit. What would most likely occur?

A. There would be no change in filament assembly

B. There would be enhanced instability of the microtubule

C. There would be enhanced stability of the microtubule

D. Microtubules would not form

E. There would be enhanced treadmilling

5. Which of the following statements describes common features of cadherins and integrins?

A. They can link to microtubules using specific adapter proteins

B. They mediate heterophillic interactions

C. They achieve high binding affinity through clustering

D. They are responsible for interactions of a cell with the extracellular matrix

E. They are found in the apical plasma membrane of an epithelial cell

6. Intermediate filaments are uniquely non-polar and built by lateral bundling in five steps: 1) synthesis of an alpha-helical monomer, 2) formation of a coiled-coil dimer, 3) formation of a staggered tetramer of two coiled-coil dimers, 4) lateral association of 8 tetramers, and 5) addition of 8 tetramers to a growing filament. At what step is polarity lost?

A. Step 1

B. Step 2

C. Step 3

D. Step 4

E. Step 5

7. Collagenase is an enzyme that breaks peptide bonds in collagen to help destroy extracellular structures. What would be the most likely reason to use collagenase in a cell biology laboratory?

A. Disrupt cadherin interaction with the extracellular matrix

B. Disrupt cell-cell contacts to passage cells in cell culture

C. Dissociate epithelial cells from the underlying basement membrane to separate tissues

D. All of the answers are likely uses for collagenase

E. Lyse cells to expose intracellular proteins and organelles

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BICD 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Macrophage, Dendritic Cell, Fibril

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