BIBC 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Adipose Tissue, Tissue Expansion, Skeletal Muscle
24 May 2018
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Week 8.2
Vegetarian/Vegan Diets
• Advantages: more fiber (slower absorption), less SFA, less calorie dense
• Disadvantages: incomplete protein (essential AA), iron, calcium deficiency, lacking
vitamin B12 and D, possibly higher GI foods
• Moderate Meat consumption is fine
- recommendations: not more than 1-2 servings of red meat per week
• Reasons for Vegetarian (non health):
1. Environmental (more energy input required to produce meat vs plant products)
2. Cultural
3. Ethical
ENERGY BALANCE
I. Defining energy intake
- First law of thermodynamics; conservation of energy; in any physical or chemical change the
total amount of energy in the universe remains constant (form of energy may change)
• energy intake = energy expenditure
• Positive Energy Balance
o energy intake > energy expenditure Body weight gain
• Negative Energy Balance
o energy intake < energy expenditure Body weight loss
II. Defining energy expenditure
• Total energy Expenditure (TEE) kcal/day:
1. thermic effect of food: energy to digest, absorb, transport, and store
nutrients
▪ % of calories consumed that go into digestion/absorption
• carbs: 5-15
• fats:5-15
• protein: 20-35
2. physical activity: ATP utilized by muscle fibers
▪ more mass = more kcal expended per min (double mass about
double kcal expended) UNDER BEE?
3. Basal Energy expenditure BEE: (kcal/day) energy required for growth (in
children) and thermoregulation
▪ avg person 1000-2000 kcal/day
▪ females tend to have lower BEE than males
A. basal metabolism: physiologic function (homeostasis)
B. growth: infants/children and pregnancy
Tissue
% body mass
% BEE
Heart, lungs, kidney, liver, brain
5%
50-60%
Skeletal muscle (not
contracting, maintenance of
muscle fibers)
36-45%
25%
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