BILD 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Acetylcholine, Peripheral Nervous System, Axon Hillock
21 Mar 2018
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Insulator: prevents loss of charge, there are no ion pumps underneath. Schwann and oligodendrocytes create the myelin: unmyelinated axons are slower, example: lasting pain, nodes of ranvier. Saltatory conduction: action potentials jump from node to node. Synapses: chemical conjunction between axons, synaptic cleft. Inhibitory post synaptic potential (ipsp: hyperpolarization, k+ and cl- ligand gated ion channels, one neuron can by synapsed with multiple neurons, the depolarization and hyperpolarization are additive, temporal summation, when two or more depolarizations occur close in time. Spatial summation: when two or more depolarizations occur close to each other on the post-synaptic membrane, they reach the axon hillock back to back and the graded potentials are additive, hyperpolarization can also be additive, main neurotransmitters. Same neurotransmitter can have different receptors: acetylcholine (ach, could be excitatory or inhibitory receptors, amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, excitatory, memory creation, glycine. Inhibitory of the spine: opens chloride channels, gaba.
