CHEM 6A Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Valence Electron, Photon, Radiant Energy
3 Jun 2018
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Ionization Energy
● Energy + M(g) → M+(g) + e-
â—‹ Energy - first ionization energy (I1)
● M+(g) → M2+(g) + e- (I2)
● M2+ (g) → M3+(g) + e- (I3)
â—Ź I1 < I2 < I3
â—Ź More electrons = greater ionization energy
Across the Same Period:
â—Ź Increase in number of lower energy electrons
Down the column:
â—Ź Same number of lower energy electrons
Sodium graph:
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CHEM 6A Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Energy + m(g) m+(g) + e- M2+ (g) m3+(g) + e- (i3) Lowest point is furthest shell from nucleus. Each period is a repeating pattern gives us a new shell. Pictorial representation of the number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the chemically relevant electrons. A form of radiant energy from vibrating electric charges. Maxwell"s electromagnetic theory of radiation (1860s): all forms of radiation are propagated through space as oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Number of wavves passing a fixed point per second. Frequency (nu) (in s-1 or hz, hertz) (cid:4666)(cid:4667) (cid:4666)(cid:2869)(cid:4667)= distance travelled per unit time. Speed of all emr in vacuum is: Wavelength and frequency make up the identity of the wave. Longer wavelength smaller frequency (lower energy) Shorter wavelength higher frequency (higher energy) What is the wavelength (in nm) of red light that has = 4. 47 (cid:883)(cid:882) (cid:2869)4. Max planck (1900) proposed that radiation is emitted in discrete amounts of energy.
