COGS 17 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Basal Ganglia, Orgasm, Aftershave
14 Mar 2017
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Reminders: hypothalamus controls endrocrine (hormone) systems via effect on adjacent pituitary gland (the master gland ) Produces releasing hormones that flow via blood vessels to anterior pituitary stimulating gland to release its own hormones. Produces other hormones (e. g. oxytocin) sent (like nts) via axons to posterior pituitary, then circulate in bloodstream. Reproductive hormones have organizing effects (on anatomy in fetal devel & puberty) & activating effects (influence behavior) Note: typically, males have xy sex chromosomes, females have xx, but hormone activity is required to determine gender! Both sexes have female (estrogens) and male (androgens) hormones, just in different proportions. These steroid hormones are produced mainly in ovaries/testes, but also in hypothalamus and adrenal glands. E. g. gonads, earliest sex structure to develop, same initial structure will become testes or ovaries. E. g. gentalia, same initial structures in all fetuses, develop into male or female anatomy, depending on androgens/not. E. g. each fetus has both wolffian and muellerian ducts; their development depends on androgens/not.
