HINE 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Midhat Pasha, Abdul Hamid Ii, Mahmud Shevket Pasha
Lecture 17 – The Second Constitutional Period
Summary of Previous Lecture
• The Dissemination of Revolutionary ideas
• The Golden Age of Assassination
• Economic Hardships Behind Revolutionary Uprisings
• Iranian/Russian Constitutional Revolutions
• Opposition to Abdulhamid II
• Young Turks and the Constitutional Revolution
❖ Legacy of the First Constitution
• Born of a tenuous compromise between reformist statesmen and a new
ambitious sultan
• Leader of the First Constitutional Movement – Midhat Pasha (1822-1883)
• It granted the sultan sweeping powers such as the right to
o Make war and peace
o Appoint and dismiss ministers
o Approve legislation
o Convene and dismiss chamber of deputies
o Exile individuals without trial
• The sultan feared
o The legislative and critical functions of the parliament
o The principle of representation in a multinational empire with religious
strife and separatist discontent
❖ The Revolution of July 1908
• Economic hardships due to bad harvests and rising bread prices
• An organization in CUP about to mobilize the population in towns and cities
• The military branch of CUP organized within the Second and Third Armies
• A fear that great powers would force the sultan to accept Macedonian autonomy
• A itelligee that the sultas spies ere aout to urael the seret CUP
❖ First Elections in 30 Years
• The CUP branches in the provinces proliferated after the revolution
• Without any other serious competition they won the majority of seats in the
parliament
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Document Summary
Summary of previous lecture: the dissemination of revolutionary ideas, the golden age of assassination, economic hardships behind revolutionary uprisings, opposition to abdulhamid ii, young turks and the constitutional revolution. Legacy of the first constitution: born of a tenuous compromise between reformist statesmen and a new ambitious sultan, leader of the first constitutional movement midhat pasha (1822-1883) Immediately began organizing a force to intervene in istanbul to restore constitutional power. Political competition in 1909-13: the suppression of the counter-revolution left power in the hands of the army: specifically in the hands of the commander-in-chief, mahmud shevket pasha, two problems dominated politics: 2: the i(cid:374)terfere(cid:374)(cid:272)e of ar(cid:373)y offi(cid:272)ers i(cid:374) politi(cid:272)s (cid:894)a (cid:374)e(cid:449) group (cid:272)alled (cid:858)sa(cid:448)iour. Offi(cid:272)ers(cid:859) (cid:449)as for(cid:373)ed(cid:895: continuing of cup as a secret society and operating behind the scenes, a new opposition party, party of freedom and understanding, was established. Empire: serbia, montenegro, bulgaria, and greece declared war on the ottomans in.
