HINE 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Rayah, World Economy, Secret Society
Lecture 11 – Ottoman Minorities
❖ Twinned Systems of Modernity
• From Empire to Nation-State (Galvin)
o More homogenous political entities
• From world empires to capitalist world economy
o World empires is an independent subsistence economic unit with
o World economy combines resources of different places
❖ What is an Empire?
• A political unit
o That is large,
o Expansionist (or with memories of an expansionist past),
o And which produces differentiation and inequality among people it
incorporates.
• Empires are negotiated enterprises
o Regardless of its strength an empire has to work with the peripheries in
order to:
▪ Maintain a mix of compliance, tribute, and military cooperation,
▪ As well as to ensure political coherence and durability
❖ Empire of Difference
• The success of empire is based on the resolution of 2 challenging ideas:
o Segmentation
▪ i.e. Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, etc.
o Integration
▪ Parts become a whole
❖ Classical Ottoman Social Structure
• Askeri (military) vs. reaya (the flock)
o Muslim vs. non-Muslim
o Town people vs. peasants
o Sedentary vs. nomadic people
• Millet system
o Autonomous religious communities
▪ Muslims – had a superior position within the Millet framework
▪ Greek patriarchate – privileged position
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