PSYC 181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Naltrexone, Endorphins, Carfentanil
Document Summary
Opioids: from unripe seed capsules of the opium poppy. Opiates: alkaloids found in the opium poppy (papaver somniferum) Opioids: compounds with opiate-like actions, including, but not confined to opiates (synthetic, endogenous opioids) Types of opioids: naturally-occurring: opium, sap from opium poppy, 2 major active alkaloids: morphine, codeine. Also, others, including thebaine: important in drug manufacturing. Different preparations of opium: paregoric: schedule iii. A(cid:373)e drug (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e i(cid:374) differe(cid:374)t s(cid:272)hedules depe(cid:374)di(cid:374)g o(cid:374) how the(cid:455)"re prepared. Used for coughs a lot in 1980s, but easy to overdose in babies. Topped usi(cid:374)g a(cid:374)d swit(cid:272)hed to (cid:272)odei(cid:374)e for (cid:272)oughs, (cid:271)ut did(cid:374)"t work: opium tincture: schedule ii. Morphine: named after morpheus (god of dreams) Son of hypnos, god of sleep: 10% opium by weight, used throughout ancient greek. Codeine: methylmorphine, 0. 5% opium, not a preferred drug; lots of side effects (constipation, nausea, vomiting), not good at controlling pain or coughs. Semi-synthetics: take morphine and convert it to something else, heroin.
