BISC300 Lecture 14: Lecture 14 Introduction to Glycolysis and TCA

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byzantiumarmadillo442

22 May 2018

School

University of Delaware

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC300

Professor

Alenka

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Lecture 14: Intro to Glycolysis and TCA

Chemoorganotrophic fueling processes

• Aerobic respiration

• Anaerobic respiration

• fermentation

Metabolic pathways

• Catabolism: breakdown

• Anabolism: synthetic

• Amphibolism: both ways

What compounds could be a direct source of C and energy to a chemorganoheterotroph (need

organic compound as a source of carbon and energy)?

• Simple carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

RedOx

Glycolysis

• Final and starting products

• Energy transfer

• ADP is reduced to ATP

TCA Cycle (Citric Aid/Kre’s Cyle)

• Starts with product of glycolysis (pyruvate)

• Pyruvate is reduced and loses a carbon in the form of CO2

• electron carriers reduced

ETC

• O2 is final electron acceptor

• Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen

Homofermentative

• Condition: excess glucose and limited O2

• Limited ability to synthesize aa

• Use proteolytic enzymes to get N

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Document Summary

Lecture 14: intro to glycolysis and tca: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration fermentation. Metabolic pathways: catabolism: breakdown, anabolism: synthetic, amphibolism: both ways. What compounds could be a direct source of c and energy to a chemorganoheterotroph (need organic compound as a source of carbon and energy): simple carbohydrates, lipids, proteins. Glycolysis: final and starting products, energy transfer, adp is reduced to atp. Tca cycle (citric a(cid:272)id/kre(cid:271)(cid:271)"s cy(cid:272)le: starts with product of glycolysis (pyruvate, pyruvate is reduced and loses a carbon in the form of co2, electron carriers reduced. Etc: o2 is final electron acceptor, fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank in the following table:

metabolic cycle	location pro/ eukaryote	components	substrates	products	pathway purpose
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis)	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	10 enzymes
pentose phosphate pathway	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	dozen enzyme	1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP	1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP	Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism
PDH reaction	cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle					generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration)
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration)			1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP	N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP	Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+
Fermentation	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	1 or more enzymes (vary by organism)	1 pyruvate, 1 NADH	1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+	Regenerate NAD+

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.

ochremole959

(31. What is the purpose of cellular respiration/

a. To get O2 into our bodies and to get CO2 out of our bodies

b. To use the energy of sunlight to synthesize sugars

c. To make ATP to power cellular activities d. To hydrolyze ATP

(36. Which of the following accurately describes a distinction between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation?

a. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in prokaryotes, whereas alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation occurs in eukaryotes

b. The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is pyruvate; the final electron acceptor in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation is acetaldehyde

c. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH is produced by glycolysis; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, NADH is produced by the Krebs cycle

d. In lactic acid fermentation, cell use CO2 in place of oxygen; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, cells use SO4

(37. Which pathway is see in both fermentation and aerobic respiration?

a. Krebs cycle

b. Electron transport

c. Glycolysis d. Pyruvate oxidation

(50. How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced with 5 turns of the cirtic acid cycle?

a. 2

b. 5

c. 10

d. 12

e. 60

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BISC300 Lecture 14: Lecture 14 Introduction to Glycolysis and TCA

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