BISC306 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Malpighian Tubule System, Distal Convoluted Tubule, Proximal Tubule
10 May 2017
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Document Summary
Proximal tubule absorbs water and salt leaving to produce fluid isosmotic to plasma: adh controls relative water and salt reabsorption in distal tubule. Diuresis (low adh: don"t reabsorb much water; produce very hypoosmotic urine. Antidiuresis (high adh: without the loop of henle and countercurrent exchange, amphibians cannot make hyperosmotic urine. Urea excreting animals are typically terrestrial: in mammals, urea is synthesized in the liver, birds, reptiles, and most terrestrial arthropods use uric acid and related compounds. Many animals secrete several forms of nitrogenous waste, e. g. , humans small amount of nitrogen is also excreted as uric acid. Some animals use different forms of nitrogenous waste at different stages of development. Renal clearance rate for creatinine is same as water. Pr = production rate: = gfr x pc, production rate doesn"t change in the individual, pc=1 mg/dl is normal, hallmarks of kidney failure gfr goes down, as gfr declines, creatinine concentration increases dramatically. Nutrition: dietary minerals requirements; fairly long list.
