BISC208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: The Animal Kingdom, Vascular Tissue, Ground Tissue
13 May 2016
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Endodermis: concentric single cell layer that protects the central vascular cylinder. Radial symmetry: epidermis, cortex (ground tissue, endodermis layer, pericycle layer, vascular tissue cylinder (xylem & phloem + cambium) Radial symmetry: epidermis, cortex (ground tissue, vascular tissue (xylem & phloem + cambium, pith (ground tissue; dicots) Vessel element (ferns don"t have this: these conduct water and dissolved minerals (non-living cells/programmed cell death) Stiff fibers in wall of these elements (lignin/structural support: polymer that fills in the gaps. Cellulose important polymer that is hydrophilic. Transports organic compounds & certain minerals: sieve-tube elements (living cells, companion cells aid sieve-tube element metabolism, parenchyma cells = ground tissue, supportive fibers. Large surface area - - light absorption/cooling: upper adaxial side, lower abaxial side. Epidermis: epidermal cells, guard cells stomata (found on stems too, trichomes hairs (found on stems too) Ground tissue: parenchyma mesophyll (palisade fence & spongy) Surface features: cuticle on epidermis helps avoid desiccation; waxy material.
