ENWC416 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Water Cycle, Pedogenesis, Ecosystem Services
8 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ENWC416 Wildlife Habitat Management Upland Forest
• Vertical structure
o Emergent Layer
o Canopy Layer
o Understory Layer
o Immature Layer
o Herb Layer
• Horizontal Structure = Stand density and tree crown cover within forest stands and across the
landscape
• Forest classification
o Biome (climate and geography)
o Latitude (e.g., boreal, temperate, tropical)
o Humidity
o Elevation
o Leaf type
▪ Longevity: Evergreen or deciduous
▪ Shape: Coniferous (needle-leaved) or broadleaf (shaped)
o Physiognomy (physical structure or developmental stage)
▪ Old growth vs. second growth
o Dominant tree species
▪ Ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest
• Intact forest landscapes -contains forest and non-forest ecosystems minimally influenced by
human economic activity, with an area of at least 500km2 (50,000 ha) and a minimal width of
10km as defined by a group of environmental NGOs (Greenpeace)
• Boreal forest aka Taiga
o World's largest terrestrial biome
o Largely coniferous;larch, spruce, fir, and pine
o In southern regions, some broadleaf trees dominate; birch, aspen, willow
o T & E wildlife in Canadian boreal forest, include woodland caribou, American black bear,
grizzly bear, wood bison and wolverine
• Temperate rain forest
o Pacific – largest area of temperate zone rain forests
▪ Most of the precipitation occurs in winter but summer fogs moisture is
extracted by the trees
▪ Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Coast Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsugamenziesii), Sitka Spruce (Piceasitchensis), Western Hemlock (Tsuga
heterophylla) and Western redcedar(Thuja plicata)
▪ Occur on west-facing coastal mountains along the Pacific coast of North
America, from Kodiak Island in Alaska to northern California
o Appalachian –where orographic precipitation causes weather systems coming from the
west and from the Gulf of Mexico to drop more precipitation than in surrounding areas.
o The largest of these forest blocks are located in western NC, northern GA, and far
eastern TN
Document Summary
Enwc416 wildlife habitat management upland forest: vertical structure, emergent layer, canopy layer, understory layer. Immature layer: herb layer, horizontal structure = stand density and tree crown cover within forest stands and across the landscape, forest classification, biome (climate and geography, latitude (e. g. , boreal, temperate, tropical, humidity, elevation, leaf type. Longevity: evergreen or deciduous: shape: coniferous (needle-leaved) or broadleaf (shaped, physiognomy (physical structure or developmental stage, old growth vs. second growth, dominant tree species, ponderosa pine/douglas-fir forest. Intact forest landscapes -contains forest and non-forest ecosystems minimally influenced by human economic activity, with an area of at least 500km2 (50,000 ha) and a minimal width of. 10km as defined by a group of environmental ngos (greenpeace: boreal forest aka taiga, world"s largest terrestrial biome, largely coniferous;larch, spruce, fir, and pine. Pseudotsugaand hemlocks tsuga: temperate deciduous forest, maple-beech-birch climax mesicclosed canopy forest, primarily composed of american beech (fagusgrandifolia) and sugar maple (acer saccharum) and yellow birch (betulaalleghaniensis, oak-hickory.
