KAAP309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Hepatocyte, Microvillus, Metaphase
6 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Cytosol-water with solutes (proteins, salts, sugars, etc) Cytoplasm organelles: metabolic machinery of cell: mitochondria, er, golgi, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles, ribosomes, Microtubules- hollow tubes; tubulin; radiate from centrosomes; help regulate cell motility and shape; position intracellular structures. Microfilaments- double heli, actin; help regulate cell motility & shape. Intermediate filaments- various types including keratins; resist force; attach to desmosomes. Protein complexes that generate a pulling force. Motility function: contraction, movement of organelles, etc. Some types (substrate- what they walk on) (ex: myosin (actin)-walk on muscle, kinesin walkers (microtubules, dynein (microtubules) (sperm flagellum) Cell center near nucleus generates microtubules; organizes mitotic spindle contains centrioles: small tubes formed by microtubules. Cellular extensions cilia and flagella: whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells, contain microtubules and motor molecules, cilia move substances across cell surfaces, longer flagella propel whole cells (tail of sperm) Microvilli: fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane, increase surface area for absorption, core of actin filaments for stiffening.
