NTDT200 Lecture Notes - Fall 2018 Lecture 5 - Prediabetes, Carbohydrate, Headache
20 Sep 2018
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Diabetes mellitus: a number of diseases that involve problems with the hormone insulin. Body"s ability to use glucose is severely limited. Drastic weight loss, eventual coma and death. 1922: researches purified insulin and injected to patients. Type 1, type 2 (most common), gestational diabetes (during pregnancy) The pancreas secretes insulin in response to increases blood glucose. Insulin stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood. Insulin promotes storage of excess glucose as glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle. Insulin promotes conversion of excess glucose to fat in liver and adipose. Low blood glucose pancreas (glucagon released) liver releases glucose into blood normal. High blood glucose pancreas (insulin released) body cells absorb glucose into blood normal. Glucagon levels increase blood glucose (blood sugar level) Pancreatic cells are destroyed by the body"s immune system. Extremely low insulin levels limit the body"s ability to use glucose. Treatment requires aligning insulin with food intake and activity to maintain desirable blood glucose level.
