NTDT305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Cognitive Development, Birth Weight, 18 Months
17 Dec 2018
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Chapter Ten: Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition
• Growth during the toddler and preschool-age years
o Slower than in infancy but steady
o Reflected in a decrease in appetite
• Toddler: 1-3 years
o Rapid increase in growth and fine motor skills
• Preschool-age: 3-5 years
o Increasing autonomy
o Broader social circumstances
o Increasing language skills
o Expanding behavior control
Important of Nutrition
• Adequate nutrition is required to achieve full growth and development
• Causes of undernutrition
o Undernutrition impairs cognitive development and the ability to explore the environment
Tracking Toddler and Preschooler Health
• Economic and nutrition status of U.S. children
o 25 percent live in poverty (2013)
o 48 percent live in poor and near poor families
Normal Growth and Development
• Birth to twelve months
o Average infant triples their birthweight
• Toddlers
o Average gain of 8oz. per month and grow 0.4 inches/month
• Preschoolers
o Average gain of 4.4Ibs a year and grow 2.75 inches/year
Measuring Growth
• Monitoring a child’s physical growth
• Recumbent length (about 2 years)
o As long as a child can stand straight, they can use a standing height measurement, if not, the
recumbent length is used (child is laying down)
• Weight
Growth Charts
• WHO growth charts
o Used for children aged birth to younger than 2 years
• CDC growth charts
o Reference for how U.S. children are growing
o Gender specific
o Monitor for:
• Weight-for-age
• Length or stature for age
• Head-circumference for age
• Weight for length or stature
• BMI for age
Physiological and Cognitive Development: Toddlers
Document Summary
Chapter ten: toddler and preschooler nutrition: growth during the toddler and preschool-age years, slower than in infancy but steady, reflected in a decrease in appetite. Toddler: 1-3 years: rapid increase in growth and fine motor skills, preschool-age: 3-5 years. Increasing autonomy: broader social circumstances, expanding behavior control. Important of nutrition: adequate nutrition is required to achieve full growth and development, causes of undernutrition, undernutrition impairs cognitive development and the ability to explore the environment. Tracking toddler and preschooler health: economic and nutrition status of u. s. children. 48 percent live in poor and near poor families. Normal growth and development: birth to twelve months, average infant triples their birthweight. Toddlers: average gain of 8oz. per month and grow 0. 4 inches/month, preschoolers, average gain of 4. 4ibs a year and grow 2. 75 inches/year. Growth charts: who growth charts, used for children aged birth to younger than 2 years, cdc growth charts, reference for how u. s. children are growing, gender specific, monitor for:
