SOCI201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: White-Collar Crime, Anthropological Criminology, Cybercrime
30 Apr 2018
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●Statistical deviance: happens in low frequency
○Neutral statistical deviance
■% of people who have red hair is less than 2% in the world
■% of people who are left handed
○Positive statistical deviance
■Scoring high in a standardized test
●Social deviance: defined by group boundaries
○Falls under two categories: behavioral and/or appearance
■If you are deviant on the inside, but don’t act that way, you are not
considered socially deviant
○Positive affirmation vs negative affirmation of group boundaries
■Positive: inclusion, granting membership
■Negative: exclusion, punishment
■Markers of membership
●Who grants group membership
○Institutions of social control
■Sanctions: punishments that groups/societies establish to enforce norms
■Formal Sanctions: enforces norms that are written into law and carried out
by law enforcers
■Informal Sanctions: conveyed in actions such as insults or dirty looks
●Construction of Deviance: Alcohol vs Opium
○Alcohol: “mainstream” act was considered deviant
■Husband's addiction to ‘evil’ drink; aroused public sympathy for women
■Consumed by irish, mexicans, and chinese
○Opium: turned to this “okay for children” for treatment of pain
●Construction of Deviance: Marijuana
●Crime: is deviance, subject to sanctions by legitimate (legal) force
○From a sociological standpoint, crime is defined by punishment
○Punishment should meet the crime
○Victimless crimes→ drug use, prostitution
●Classification of Crime
○Violent vs nonviolent (ex: assault and homicide)
○Economically vs non-economically motivated (ex: robbery and theft)
○“Street crime” vs “white-collar crime”
○Sexually vs non-sexually motivated
○Politically vs non-politically motivated
●Terrorism: use of violence to achieve some political objective
○Mass shootings: terrorism? Depends.
○Must be targeting a specific group
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Document Summary
% of people who have red hair is less than 2% in the world. % of people who are left handed. Falls under two categories: behavioral and/or appearance. If you are deviant on the inside, but don"t act that way, you are not considered socially deviant. Positive affirmation vs negative affirmation of group boundaries. Sanctions: punishments that groups/societies establish to enforce norms. Formal sanctions: enforces norms that are written into law and carried out by law enforcers. Informal sanctions: conveyed in actions such as insults or dirty looks. Husband"s addiction to evil" drink; aroused public sympathy for women. Opium: turned to this okay for children for treatment of pain. Crime: is deviance, subject to sanctions by legitimate (legal) force. From a sociological standpoint, crime is defined by punishment. Violent vs nonviolent (ex: assault and homicide) Economically vs non-economically motivated (ex: robbery and theft) Terrorism: use of violence to achieve some political objective.
