SOCI201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Isle Royale National Park, Population Pyramid, Thomas Robert Malthus
Population
• Thomas Malthus
o It’s easy to create new people, its not easy to create new land
• Isle Royale National park- two communities on each ends which you can
hike
o See lots of moose (In competition with wolves)
o Cycles in population
• Industrialization spurred global population growth
o Global population increases every year, and is likely to level out in
our lifetime
• The causes of population change are easy to grasp
• Preindustrial families wanted lots of children
o Common for women to have 10-14 kids because they wanted
high-valued males, there was labor needed
o It was normal for kids to die before they turned the age of 5
• The Demographic Transition
o Powerful graph for thinking about the worlds population
o All societies go through this transition
o Starts with high birth rates and high death rates, then levels out,
death rates go down, birth rates stay high, and population spikes
up
▪ Main idea: death rates going down cause population
increase
• People moved into cities- and quickly discovered that big families were
a burden
o Led to smaller families
• Population Pyramids
o Percentage of people ages 0-4 will be bigger than 80-84
• High fertility in developing nations
• Average number of births to women needed to keep the population
stable: 2.1
• Keels argues that women are postponing childbirth and increasing
bearing children outside marriage
• In most developed nations, fertility has fallen below the replacement
level
o Japan has a fertility rate below 2.1
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SOCI201 Full Course Notes
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