AGR 3303 Lecture 2: Lecture 2- DNA:RNA Structures

• School: University of Florida
• Department: Agronomy
• Course: AGR 3303
• Professor: Kevin E Kenworthy

Document Summary

All living things, except viruses, are made up of cells. 3 major components: plasma membrane membrane that isolates the cells from the outside environment, nuclear region- Contains majority of genetic material: cytoplasm- material between the nuclear region and the plasma membrane. 2 types of organism prokaryotes & eukaryotes. Prokaryotes ( before nucleus) includes bacteria and relatives: genetic material is contained in a single circular molecule of dna, no nuclear membrane exists, dna not highly condensed. Eukaryotes ( true nucleus) animals, plants, fungi: contains a nucleus surrounded by the nuclear membrane, dna is contained in the nucleus (chromosomes, within the cytoplasm are many structures that perform cellular functions (organelles). Genes found in 3 organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast) Endosymbiont hypothesis- mitochondria chloroplast once free-living organisms that were engulfed by a eukaryotic cell and established a symbiotic relationship. Chloroplast genome is larger than the mitochondria genome. Mitochondria and chloroplast divide by simple fission. (split like two bacteria cells)