APK 2105C Lecture 22: Neurons Part 1
5 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter 7, Lecture 1
Neurons & Electrical Signaling
• Overview of the nervous system
o Central NS
▪ Brain
▪ Spinal cord
o Peripheral NS
▪ Afferent branch
• Neural input—information going from body to brain
• Sensory information
o Somatic senses
▪ Body
▪ Temperature
▪ Pressure
▪ Pain
o Special senses
▪ Taste
▪ Olfactory
▪ Hearing
▪ Vision
o Visceral senses
▪ From internal organs
▪ Efferent
• Neural output—information coming from brain to stimulate
response
• Motor system
• Somatic
o Skeletal muscle
• Autonomic
o Sympathetic
▪ Cardiac muscle
▪ Smooth muscle
▪ Glands
o Parasympathetic
▪ Enteric nervous system
• GI tract
• Cells of the nervous system
o Neurons
▪ Have multiple processes
▪ Electrical signaling types of cells
▪ Cell body (soma)
• Holds nucleus and majority of organelles
▪ Dendrites = carry information towards soma
• Cells can have multiple dendrites
▪ Have single axons—carry information away from soma
• Axon hillock
o Narrowing of soma as it goes into the axon
• Axon terminal = small enlargement at the end of the axons
o Terminal boutons
