BSC 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Atp Synthase, Acetyl-Coa, Malate Dehydrogenase

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cyanprairie-dog5

15 Feb 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Biology - Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 2010

Professor

Chen Sixue

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Document Summary

Tophat questions: if a person is given epi to aid recovery from shock, you would not see increased conversion of camp to atp in liver cells. Increased activation of glycogen phosphorylase: benefits of having a cascade of cellular events. Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways: free energy- (g) chemical energy that is available to do work, 5 principles in metabolic pathways. Chemical transformations occur in a series of intermediates reactions that form a metabolic pathway. Each reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme. Most metabolic pathways are similar in all organisms. In eukaryotes, many pathways occur inside specific organelles. Is pathway is controlled by enzymes that can be inhibited or activated (regulated) Energy transforming reactions are often coupled: exergonic (energy releasing) and endergonic (energy requiring) Atp: adenosine triphosphate, energy currency in the cells, small molecule, can by hydrolyzed to release energy. Hydrolyzed into adp and phosphate and free energy (-7. 3 kcal.

Related Questions

1. Hormones are chemical signals that
A.
affect adjacent cells.
B.
work in prokaryotes.
C.
are autocrine signals.
D.
travel through circulatory systems.
E.
are paracrine signals.

Answer choice C

2. A universal feature of receptors is that they
A.
undergo structural (shape) changes when the signal molecule isbound.
B.
are protein kinases.
C.
are present in the plasma membrane.
D.
are ion channel proteins.
E.
do not undergo structural (shape) changes when the signal moleculeis bound.

Answer choice A

3. Which of the following statements about receptors and enzymes istrue?
A.
Most receptors and enzymes are nucleic acids.
B.
Both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins.
C.
Receptor ligands, like enzyme substrates, are altered during signaltransduction.
D.
Both receptors and enzymes are not specific for the molecules theybind.
E.
Receptors generally have enzymatic activity, whereas enzymes donot.

Answer choice B

4. Chemical signal transduction pathways
A.
use non-specific receptors.
B.
involve binding of the signal molecule to receptors.
C.
use receptors that are located only on the plasma membrane.
D.
use receptors that change the ligands they bind.
E.
all use G proteins.

Answer C

5. Adenylyl cyclase
A.
is located such that cAMP is made outside of cells.
B.
makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of phosphate (Pi).
C.
is inactivated by activated G proteins.
D.
makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of pyrophosphate(PPi).
E.
is directly activated by receptors.

Answer choice D

6. Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells is always active.
B.
cAMP is referred to as a âfirst messenger.â
C.
Epinephrine directly activates adenylyl cyclase.
D.
cAMP is referred to as a âsecond messenger.â
E.
Adenylyl cyclase is a protein kinase.

Answer choice C

7. Which step of the signal transduction cascade that results inglucose release during the âfight-or-flightâ response does notdirectly involve a nucleotide?
A.
Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase
B.
Activation of adenylyl cyclase
C.
Epinephrine binding to its receptor
D.
Activation of a G protein
E.
Inactivation of glycogen synthase

Answer choice A

8. The phosphorylation of proteins by ATP
A.
is catalyzed by enzymes known as âprotein kinases.â
B.
always stimulates the activity of an enzyme.
C.
is catalyzed by adenylyl cyclase.
D.
is catalyzed by the epinephrine receptor.
E.
is catalyzed by G proteins.

Answer choice A

9. Suppose the concentration of epinephrine in the blood stream ofan animal drops. The cyclic AMP concentration in liver cells wouldbe expected to _______ because _______ activity would_______.
A.
increase; adenylyl cyclase; increase
B.
decrease; protein kinase; decrease
C.
decrease; phoshodiesterase; decrease
D.
increase; protein kinase; increase
E.
decrease; adenylyl cyclase; decrease

Answer choice B

BSC 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Atp Synthase, Acetyl-Coa, Malate Dehydrogenase

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