CHM 2045 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Numeral Prefix, Nitric Acid, Barium Chloride

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fuchsiagerbil723

14 Jan 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHM 2045

Professor

Gower Jeff

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Document Summary

An ion is an atom of group of atoms that has a net positive or negative: ion with a positive charge, typically metal atoms, loses electrons. Na (11 electrons) na+ (10 electrons) Anion: ion with a negative charge, typically nonmetals, gains electrons. Removing electrons costs a lot of energy to the atom. Example) how many protons/neutrons/electrons in al-27: 13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons. Monatomic ions: contains only one type of atom, na+, cl-, ca2+, o2-, al3+, n3- Polyatomic ions: contain more than one type of atom (heteronuclear, oh-, cn-, no3- Ionic compounds: consist of a combination of cations and anions, the formula contains the lowest whole number ratios, metals bonded to nonmetals or to ammonium (nh4+, the sum of the charges in each should be zero/neutral. Formula of ionic compounds: aluminum (iii) oxide = al2o3, calcium (ii) bromide = cabr2. Arrhenius acids: defined as a substance that yields hydrogen (h+) ions when dissolved in water.

Related Questions

Identify the missing information for each atom or ion. Note that the atoms and ions are not necessarily neutral.

A Se ion has a mass number of 78 and a charge of â2 . Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in this ion.

number of neutrons:

number of protons:

number of electrons:

An ion has a mass number of 65, 36 neutrons, and a charge of +1 . Identify the element symbol, and determine the number of protons and electrons in this ion.

element symbol:

number of protons:

number of electrons:

An atom or ion has 42 neutrons , 36 protons, and 36 electrons. Identify the element symbol, and determine the mass number and charge for this atom or ion.

element symbol:

mass number:

charge:

True or False.

(a) Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) is the positive charge experienced by the electron from the nucleus and it increases from left to right across the period. Answer: __________

(b) Effective nuclear charge slightly decreases going down a group. Answer: __________

(d) Atomic radius tends to decrease from top to bottom of a group because of the increase in the principle quantum number. Answer: __________

(e) Anions are larger than their parent atoms because electrons are added to the valence shell reducing the electron-electron repulsions. Answer: __________

(f) Al3+ is larger than Na+ because Na+ has two extra electrons. Answer: __________

(g) The ionization energy of Na2+ is significantly higher than Na+ because it takes more energy to remove the inner-shell electron. Answer: __________

(h) Bromine, calcium and sodium are metallic elements because they are on the left side of the periodic table. Answer: __________

(i) Calcium, antimony, and silicon are metalloids that their properties fall between those of metals and those of nonmetals. Answer: __________

(j) Lattice energy is the energy required to completely separate one mole of solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions and it is always a negative number. Answer: __________

CHM 2045 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Numeral Prefix, Nitric Acid, Barium Chloride

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