CJL 3038 Lecture 1: Quiz 1 & 2 notes
22 May 2018
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kuseksam
Criminology Chapters 1-3
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Comprehensive
Because criminologists are influenced by many disciplines, the field of criminology is
considered
Youth Crime
While self report studies can be used to examine the offense history of prison inmates
and drug users, most self report studies have focused on
Valid & Reliable
Criminologists interested in computing criminal statistics focus on creating _ and _
measurements of criminal behavior
True
The mid 18th century belief stressing that the relationship between crime and
punishment should be balanced and fair can be traced to Cesare Beccaria
True
Critical criminologists contend that society's economic system plays a significant role in
producing criminal behavior
Consensus View
Which concept of crime implies that crimes are behaviors that all members of society
consider to be repugnant?
Conflict View
Which view of crime sees society as a collection of diverse groups who are in a
constant and continuing struggle to gain political power to advocate a situation?
Per 100,000 US Citizens
UCR expresses data as raw figures, crime rates, and changes in the number and rate
over time. how are UCRs expressed?
Households
The NCVS anually samples 42,000 _ and 78,000 individuals age 12 or older in order to
establish crime victimization
Victims Overreporting Crime
A validity concern associated with the NCVS involves
Decreased by 40%
How does today's violent crime rate compare to 1991?
True
The age structure of the population has a significant influence on crime trends
16
Crime peaks in adolescence and then declines. What's the peak age for property crime?
Persistence and desistance
Discovery of the chronic offender has forced criminologists to consider _ in their
explanation of crime
The elderly
Some victims, especially _ develop a persistent fear that they will be re-victimized
True
Until 40 years ago, victims were viewed as passive targets considered to be in the
wrong place at the wrong time
50% Lower
People living in rural areas have a victimization rate almost _ than that in urban
Victim Precipitation Theory
Which victimization theory claims that victims may initiate the confrontation that leads to
their victimization?
Impulsivity
Research indicates a strong association between victims and which characteristic?
Crisis Intervention
_ programs assist victims who feel isolated and vulnerable and in need of emergency
services
True
Reconciliation programs are based on the concept of restorative justice
Criminology
An academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study the nature, extent, cause
and control of criminal behavior
Interdisciplinary
Involving two or more academic fields
Criminal Justice
System made up of the agencies of social control, such as police departments, the
courts, and correctional institutions, that handle criminal offenders
Criminological Enterprise
The various subareas included within the scholarly discipline of criminology, which,
taken as a whole, define the field of study. Includes criminal statistics, sociology of law,
developing theories of crime causation, penology, and victimology
Valid Measure
A measure that actually measures what it purports to measure; a measure that is factual
Reliable Measure
A measure that produces consistent results from one measurement to another
False
Sex offender registration lists help deter potential offenders and reduce the incidence of
child molestation
Psychological Orientation View
Crime is a function of personality, development, social learning or cognition
Biological Orientation View
Antisocial behavior as a function of biochemical, genetic and neurological factors,
INTERNAL FORCES
Sociological Orientation View
Criminal behavior is a product of social forces including neighborhood conditions,
poverty, socialization and group interaction
True
Domestic violence is abnormal. Wife abusers must have abnormal brains
White Collar Crime
Illegal acts that capitalize on a person's status in the marketplace. White collar crimes
may include theft, embezzlement, fraud, market manipulation, restraint of trade, and
false advertising
Criminal Statistics
Gathering valid crime data. Devising new research methods; measuring crime patterns
and trends.
Sociology of law
Determining the origin of law. Measuring the forces that can change laws and society
Theory Construction
Predicting individual behavior. Understanding the cause of crime rates and trends.
Criminal Behavior Systems
Determining the nature and cause of specific crime patterns. Studying violence, theft,
organized crime, white collar crime and public order crimes
Penology
Punishment, sanctions and corrections; studying the correction and control of criminal
behavior
Victimology
Studying the nature and cause of victimization
False
Terrorists are disturbed, angry people, many of whom are psychopaths
Rehabilitation
Treatment of criminal offenders that is aimed at preventing future criminal behavior
Capital Punishment
The execution of criminal offenders; the death penalty
Mandatory Sentences
