BCMB 3100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dna Replication, Missense Mutation, Reading Frame
28 Nov 2016
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Learning objectives for dna replication and repair case: Understand the molecular mechanisms of dna replication (5" 3", chain extension, and proofreading) Explain how the 2 strands of dna are replicated and how fidelity is maintained. Know types of dna damages and how they affect genetic information. Learn how certain hereditary diseases affect genetic stability. Mutations change the structure of a gene which results alteration of genes. Genes undergo changes in the nucleotide sequence of the dna. Frequency of damage to dna is low because organisms have enzyme systems that help repair dna damage. Most uncorrected mutations are either silent or harmful. 3 common types of mutations include: base pair substitution, frameshift, and mobile genetic elements. With base pair substitutions, this may result in a polypeptide chain with 1 amino acid different from the normal sequence, missense mutations. However, silent mutations don"t alter the amino acid sequence.
