SOCI 3070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: The Kallikak Family, Craniometry, Xyy Syndrome
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There is little literature that focuses on the behavior and punishment of juveniles during the middle ages. This (cid:373)ea(cid:374)t that (cid:862)pu(cid:374)ish(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts(cid:863) (cid:449)e(cid:396)e fo(cid:272)used on during the evil from the individual. A(cid:374)othe(cid:396) pe(cid:396)spe(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e (cid:449)as (cid:862)(cid:374)atu(cid:396)al(cid:863) (cid:272)auses as the (cid:272)(cid:455)(cid:272)le of the (cid:373)oo(cid:374) (cid:449)e(cid:396)e (cid:271)la(cid:373)ed fo(cid:396) bad behavior. Citizens agree to follow the rules or laws set forth by society in return for protection fro, harm (social contract) Theo(cid:396)ies a(cid:271)out hu(cid:373)a(cid:374) (cid:271)eha(cid:448)io(cid:396) fo(cid:272)used o(cid:374) (cid:373)a(cid:374)"s (cid:272)apa(cid:272)it(cid:455) as a (cid:396)atio(cid:374)al a(cid:272)to(cid:396) Focus on crime and became the first attempt the first attempts to explain criminal behavior. Cesare beccaria (1764/1819) & bentham (1780/1789) argued that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of all their actions and act when the benefits outweigh the costs. According to beccaria, for punishment to be most useful it needed to adhere to 3 elements: certainty, celerity (swiftness) and severity. Focused on rational component of crimes, uniformity in sentencing, uniformity in written laws, curtailing of both capital & corporal punishment.
