PSCH 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Phoneme, Functional Fixedness, Mental Chronometry
Document Summary
Cognition: generic term for higher mental processes. ex: thinking memory. Thinking: mental manipulation of concepts and images. Reaction time: time elapsed btwn the presentation of stimulus and the appearance of an overt response. Prototype: exemplary member of a natural concept. Schema: help us to understand the world, make predictions and create expectations. Scripts: schemas abt familiar sequence events or activities. Mental models: set of propositions that represent people"s understanding of how things (usually physical work) Cognitive map: mental representation of familiar parts of the environment. Rules of logic: set of statements to draw conclusions. Syllogisms: logical arguments containing two or more premises and conclusion. Informal reasoning (inductive reasoning): process of evaluating a conclusion, theory, or course of action on the vases of the believability of the evidence. Heuristics: time-saving mental shortcuts used in reasoning. Anchoring heuristic: probability of an event is estimated by adjusting an earlier estimate rather than starting from scratch.
