ANTHRBIO 166 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Polyploid, John T. Scopes, Laetoli

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crimsonhippopotamus417

9 Mar 2016

School

U of M

Department

Anthropology,Biological

Course

ANTHRBIO 166

Professor

Beverly Strassmann

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Deine the term species using the biological species concept of ernst mayr, mayr defined a species as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively iso- lated from other such groups. In many ways biological speciation resembles the speciation of two closely related languages from a common ancestor (an example is ger- man and english, two sister tongues ). Like species, languages can diverge in isolated populations that once shared an ancestral tongue. And languages change more rapidly when there is less mixing of individ- uals from different populations. While populations change genetically via natural selection (and sometimes genetic drift), human languages change by linguistic selection (appealing or useful new words get invented) and linguistic drift (pronunciations change due to imitation and cultural transmission). During biological speciation, populations change genetically to the extent that their members no longer recog- nize each other as mates, or their genes can"t cooperate to produce a fertile individual.

Related Questions

1. The vast majority of animals are:

a. mammals b. invertebrates c. vertebrates d. birds

2. Which of the following scientists defined a species as one or more groups of individuals that can potentially interbreed, produce fertile offspring, and do not interbreed with other groups?

a. Charles Darwin b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Mary Leakey d. Ernst Mayr

3.The earliest primitive primates resembled the modern ___________.

a. tarsier b. tree shrew c. old world monkey d.lemur

4. Stromatolites were formed by:

a. animals b. archaebacterial c. cyanobacteria d. red algae

5. Members of the same species would be expected to:

a.look alike b. be reproductively isolated from one another c. share the same gene pool d.have the same phenotype

6. A species is composed of:

a. related organisms b. a group of reproductive females c. populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring d. organisms located in the same habitat

1. Scientists found that different beak shapes lead to differentmating songs in Darwin's finches. This result best supports whichhypothesis?

	A. Darwin's finches are not different species according to theBiological Species Concept.
	B. Behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches is unrelated to beakshape.
	C. Adaptation to different food sources likely occurred afterreproductive isolation in Darwin's finches.
	D. Adaptation to different food sources indirectly led tobehavioral isolation in Darwin's finches.

2. Which of the following could occur if two partiallyreproductively isolated populations become sympatric? Check allthat apply.

	A. Gene flow between the populations will occur
	B. The populations may eventually become separate speciesthrough reinforcement
	C. The populations will continue to be partially reproductivelyisolated
	D. The populations may eventually lose their geneticdistinctiveness
	E. Hybrids will be inviable or infertile

3. In which population would the rate of genetic drift be thegreatest?

	A large population that is geographically isolated from itsparent population
	A small population that is geographically isolated from itsparent population
	A large population that is not completely geographicallyisolated from its parent population
	A small population that is not completely geographicallyisolated from its parent population

4. Indicate true or false that the following organisms would beconsidered separate species according to the biological speciesconcept. (T/F)

1. Lions and tigers can interbreed successfully to produce viable,fertile offspring, but lions live in open grasslands and tigerslive in dense forests. (T/F)
2. Black bears in the United States can have coat colors rangingfrom blonde to jet black, but bears with different coat colorsoccupy the same habitat and interbreedsuccessfully. (T/F)
3. Many leopard frogs in the eastern United States look the sameand can mate to produce a fertilized egg, but the embryo does notdevelop past the early stages. (T/F)
4. Many of Darwin

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ANTHRBIO 166 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Polyploid, John T. Scopes, Laetoli

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