ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Economic Surplus, Marginal Revenue, Demand Curve

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20 Aug 2016

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Monopoly: sole supplier of a good that has no close substitutes supply and demand model: only true for perfect competition. Atc falls as output increases; so, larger companies are more pro table and drive out smaller companies high initial set-up costs > more di cult to enter the industry b/c needs a. How a monopoly maximizes pro ts: monopolists" demand curve and marginal rev. Monopolist"s demand curve = the market demand curve monopoly is the entire market downward sloping demand curve to sell more, they most lower price unlike in perf comp, marginal rev does not equal price. Quantity e ect: total revenue increases by selling an additional units. Price e ect: total revenue decreases b/c to sell an additional unit, most lower price on all units sold. Marginal rev is always less than price due to price e ect so marginal rev curve is less than demand curve (b/c height of demand curve = price)

Related Questions

1) A natural monopoly exists when:

a. A few firms collude to make one large firm

b. Firms enter the industry as a result of profit incentives

c. Economies of scale provide large cost advantages to having one firm produce the industry's output

d. Firms naturally maximize regardless of market structure

2) A(n) ____ is a single firm with ___, whereas a(n) ___ implies an industry with ____ firm(s) and ____ .

a. Monopoly; barriers to entry; oligopoly; few; no barriers to entry

b. Oligopoly; no barriers to entry; monopoly; many; easy entry and exit

c. Monopoly; barriers to entry; monopolistic competition; many; easy entry and exit

d. Monopolistic competitor; barriers to entry; monopoly; one; barriers to entry

3) In monopolistic competition:

a. Each firm produces a product identical to that of every other firm in the industry

b. Firms are aware of their strategic interdependence

c. Firms earn large economic profits in the long run

d. Firms earn zero economic profits in the long run

4) A monopolistically competitive industry, such as corn snack chips, and a perfectly competitive industry, like wheat farming, are alike in that:

a. There are many firms in each industry

b. Firms in both types of industries produce similar but not identical products

c. Barriers to entry in both industries are large

d. Firms in both types of industries produce identical products

byzantiumfish483

1.As long as price is sufficient to cover __________, the firm isbetter off by operating rather than by shutting down in the shortrun.
Answer
marginal cost
average fixed cost
average variable cost
marginal revenue

2.The owner of Tie-Dyed T-shirts, a perfectly competitive firm, hashired you to give him some economic advise. He has told you thatthe market price for his shirts is $20 and that he is currentlyproducing 200 shirts at an AVC of $15 in the short run and an AC of$25. What would you recommend to him?
Answer
To continue producing in the short run, as his loss from productionis less than his fixed costs, but to exit the industry in the longrun if there are no changes in economic conditions.
To shut down in the short run, as he is incurring a loss and toleave the industry in the long run, if there are no changes ineconomic conditions.
To continue to produce in the short run, even though he is earninga loss, and to expand in the future with the hope of increasingmarket share and total revenue.
You tell him you cannot make any recommendations until you knowwhat his fixed costs are.

3.Which type of barrier to entry allows the electric company tomaintain a monopoly over the production of electricity?
Answer
a patent
economies of scale
diseconomies of scale
ownership of a scarce factor of production.

4. Why can a monopolist continue to make positive profits even inthe long-run while a perfectly competitive firm can make only zeroeconomic profits in the long-run?
Answer
Because a monopoly only has one firm while perfect competition hasmany.
Because monopoly has barriers to entry and perfect competition hasfree entry.
Because perfect competition has barriers to entry and monopoly hasfree entry.
Because in perfect competition everyone produces the same productand because in monopoly there are no close substitutes.

5.What is the difference between diminishing returns anddiseconomies of scale?
Answer
Diminishing returns is in the short run while diseconomies of scaleis in the long run.
Diminishing returns is in the long run while diseconomies of scaleis in the short run.
They are both the same thing.
There is no such thing as diseconomies of scale.

6. What does the LAC look like for a firm with constant returns toscale?
Answer
It slopes downwards.
It slopes upwards.
It is a horizontal straight line.
It is a vertical straight line.

7.Natural monopoly occurs when there are:
Answer
large economies of scale.
firms joining together to limit output and raise prices.
different prices for different consumers or groups ofconsumers.
patents.

8.Suppose we know that a monopolist is maximizing its profits.Which of the following must be true? The monopolist has
Answer
maximized its total revenue.
set price equal to its average cost.
maximized the difference between marginal revenue and marginalcost.
set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost.

ochresalmon590

Consider that Forrest's good luck of being in the right place at the right time in the Forrest Gump video clip, allowed him to operate as a monopoly. Typically, the fishing industry is a highly competitive industry where economic profits are rarely made in the long run. However, in a twist of fate, Forrest's boat is the lone survivor after a hurricane washes ashore and destroys all the other shrimp boats.

Consider the barriers to entry facing potential competitors in Forrest's monopoly market. The more contestable a market, the closer it will be to a perfectly competitive market, whereas the less contestable a market, the closer it will be to a monopoly.

Describe a firm that you believe is a monopolist. Describe the barriers to entry that exist and discuss if they are contestable or not.

apricotcrow685

ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Economic Surplus, Marginal Revenue, Demand Curve

ECON 101 Full Course Notes

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